There are 4 substances in tea that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier to provide a stimulant effect.
We have good, old caffeine… which you can also get from coffee and soft drinks.
Then we have two substances related to caffeine; theobromine and theophylline.
And finally we have an a rather unique amino acid called L-Theanine, which has some very interesting effects on the brain.
Tea and Coffee Provide a Different “Buzz”
The other day I was talking to a friend of mine about the psychoactive effects of coffee and tea.
Both contain caffeine and therefore have a stimulant-like effect on the brain, but we agreed that the nature of these effects is quite different.
My friend used an interesting analogy: The effect provided by tea is like being gently encouraged to do something by Mother Theresa, while coffee is like being kicked in the butt by a military officer.
After our conversation, I’ve been doing some reading on tea and how it affects the mind.
Don’t get me wrong, I do love coffee and I believe it to be healthy. In fact, I tend to call it my all-time favorite “health drink.”
However, coffee does definitely have a downside for me. It tends to give me a nice and strong energy boost, but I believe it sometimes prevents me from getting much done because the “wired” feeling can cause my brain to wander.
This excessive stimulant effect of coffee can make me spend a lot of time on unproductive tasks like checking e-mails, hanging on Facebook, reading pointless news stories, etc.
It turns out that tea has less caffeine than coffee, but also three stimulant substances that may provide some sort of synergistic effect.
Caffeine – The World’s Most Widely Used Psychoactive Drug
Caffeine is the world’s most widely used psychoactive drug. Sounds like a bad thing, but doesn’t have to be.
Coffee (the biggest source of caffeine) also happens to be the biggest source of antioxidants in the western diet and consumption of it has been associated with various health benefits in epidemiological studies.
The second largest source of caffeine worldwide is tea, which tends to provide a moderate amount of caffeine, depending on the type.
Caffeine causes stimulation of the central nervous system, increases vigilance and reduces drowsiness.
Caffeine has several proposed mechanisms, the main one is that it is believed to block an inhibitory neurotransmitter called Adenosine at certain synapses in the brain, leading to a net stimulant effect.
Adenosine is believe to increase in the brain throughout the day, building up a kind of a “sleep pressure.” The more Adenosine, the greater the tendency to fall asleep. Caffeine partly reverses this effect .
The main difference between the caffeine in coffee and tea, is that tea has a lot less of it.
Whereas a strong cup of coffee can provide 100mg, 200 or even 300mg of caffeine, a cup of tea may provide 20-60mg.
Theophylline and Theobromine
Theophylline and Theobromine are both related to caffeine and all three belong to a class of organic compounds called Xanthines.
They both have several physiological effects on the body.
Theophylline relaxes smooth muscles in the airway, making breathing easier while also stimulating both the rate and force of contraction of the heart.
Theobromine can also stimulate the heart, but it does have a mild diuretic effect and improves blood flow around the body, leading to a net reduction in blood pressure.
Cocoa beans are also good sources of these two substances.
The amounts of these substances in a cup of tea are very small though, so their net effect on the body is probably negligible.
Some of the caffeine we ingest is metabolized into Theophylline and Theobromine, so every time you consume caffeine – you will indirectly increase your levels of these two caffeine metabolites.
L-Theanine – A Psychoactive Amino Acid With Unique Properties
The last substance is by far the most interesting of the four.
It is a unique type of amino acid called L-theanine. It is mainly found in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) and is able to cross the blood-brain barrier.
In humans, L-theanine increases generation of brain waves called Alpha waves, which are associated with alert relaxation. This is perhaps the main reason for the different, milder “buzz” that tea generates compared to coffee .
L-theanine may affect neurotransmitters in the brain such as GABA and Dopamine .
Some studies have suggested that L-Theanine, especially when combined with Caffeine, can improve attention and general cognitive function .
By Kris Gunnars, BSc | Authority Nutrition
